Umngcipheko kunye neteknoloji yokhuseleko yebhetri ye-lithium ion (2)

3. Iteknoloji yokhuseleko

Nangona iibhetri ze-lithium ion zineengozi ezininzi ezifihliweyo, phantsi kweemeko ezithile zokusetyenziswa kunye namanyathelo athile, ziyakwazi ukulawula ngokufanelekileyo ukuvela kweempendulo zecala kunye neempendulo ezinobundlobongela kwiiseli zebhetri ukuqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa kwazo ngokukhuselekileyo.Oku kulandelayo sisingeniso esifutshane kwiitekhnoloji ezininzi ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo zokhuseleko kwiibhetri ze-lithium ion.

(1) Khetha imathiriyeli ekrwada enento yokhuseleko ephezulu

Izinto ezisebenzayo kunye ne-polar esebenzayo, izixhobo ze-diaphragm kunye ne-electrolytes ezinokhuseleko oluphezulu luya kukhethwa.

a) Ukukhethwa kwezinto ezifanelekileyo

Ukhuseleko lwemathiriyeli ye-cathode lusekwe ikakhulu kule miba mithathu ilandelayo:

1. Uzinzo lwe-Thermodynamic lwezixhobo;

2. Ukuzinza kweekhemikhali zezixhobo;

3. Iimpawu ezibonakalayo zezinto eziphathekayo.

b) Ukukhethwa kwezixhobo ze-diaphragm

Umsebenzi ophambili we-diaphragm kukwahlula i-electrode esebenzayo kunye nengalunganga yebhetri, ukuthintela isiphaluka esifutshane esibangelwa kuqhagamshelwano phakathi kwee-electrode ezilungileyo kunye ne-negative, kunye nokwenza i-ion ye-electrolyte idlule, oko kukuthi, i-electron insulation kunye ne-ion. conductivity.La manqaku alandelayo kufuneka aqatshelwe xa ukhetha i-diaphragm yeebhetri ze-lithium ion:

1. Ine-insulation ye-elektroniki yokuqinisekisa ukuhlukaniswa komatshini we-electrode echanekileyo kunye nembi;

2. Ine-aperture ethile kunye ne-porosity yokuqinisekisa ukuchasana okuphantsi kunye ne-ionic conductivity ephezulu;

3. Izinto ze-diaphragm ziya kuba nokuzinza okwaneleyo kweekhemikhali kwaye kufuneka zixhathise kwi-corrosion ye-electrolyte;

4. I-diaphragm iya kuba nomsebenzi wokukhusela ukucima ngokuzenzekelayo;

5. Ukunciphisa i-thermal kunye nokuguqulwa kwe-diaphragm kuya kuba yinto encinci kunokwenzeka;

6 Idiaphragm iya kuba nobungqingqwa obuthile;

7. I-diaphragm iya kuba namandla aqinileyo omzimba kunye nokumelana nokugqobhoza okwaneleyo.

c) Ukukhethwa kwe-electrolyte

I-Electrolyte yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yebhetri ye-lithium ion, edlala indima yokudlulisa kunye nokuqhuba okwangoku phakathi kwe-electrodes efanelekileyo kunye ne-negative yebhetri.I-electrolyte esetyenziswa kwiibhetri ze-lithium ion sisisombululo se-electrolyte esenziwe ngokunyibilikisa iityuwa ze-lithium ezifanelekileyo kwi-organic aprotic mix solvents.Iya kuhlangabezana nezi mfuno zilandelayo:

1. Ukuzinza kweekhemikhali okulungileyo, akukho mpendulo yeekhemikhali kunye ne-electrode active substance, i-collector fluid kunye ne-diaphragm;

2. Uzinzo oluhle lwe-electrochemical, kunye nefestile ebanzi ye-electrochemical;

3. I-lithium ion conductivity ephezulu kunye ne-electronic conductivity ephantsi;

4. Uluhlu olubanzi lobushushu bolwelo;

5. Ikhuselekile, ayinayo ityhefu kwaye ayinabungozi kokusingqongileyo.

(2) Yomeleza uyilo lonke lokhuseleko lweseli

Iseli yebhetri yikhonkco edibanisa izinto ezahlukeneyo zebhetri, kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwepali efanelekileyo, i-pole negative, i-diaphragm, i-lug kunye nefilimu yokupakisha.Uyilo lwesakhiwo seseli aluchaphazeli kuphela ukusebenza kwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo, kodwa lunempembelelo ebalulekileyo kwintsebenzo ye-electrochemical jikelele kunye nokusebenza kokhuseleko lwebhetri.Ukukhethwa kwezixhobo kunye noyilo lwesakhiwo esingundoqo luhlobo nje lobudlelwane phakathi kwendawo kunye nayo yonke.Kuyilo lwesiseko, imowudi yesakhiwo esifanelekileyo kufuneka yenziwe ngokweempawu zezinto eziphathekayo.

Ukongezelela, ezinye izixhobo ezongezelelweyo zokukhusela zingaqwalaselwa kwisakhiwo sebhetri ye-lithium.Iindlela zokukhusela eziqhelekileyo zezi zilandelayo:

a) Into yokutshintsha yamkelwe.Xa iqondo lokushisa ngaphakathi kwebhetri liphakama, ixabiso layo lokumelana liya kunyuka ngokufanelekileyo.Xa ubushushu buphezulu kakhulu, unikezelo lwamandla luya kumiswa ngokuzenzekelayo;

b) Seta ivalve yokhuseleko (oko kukuthi, isithuba somoya phezulu ebhetrini).Xa uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi lwebhetri lukhuphukela kwixabiso elithile, ivalve yokhuseleko iya kuvula ngokuzenzekelayo ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwebhetri.

Nantsi eminye imizekelo yoyilo lokhuseleko lwesiseko sombane:

1. Positive and negative pali umthamo ratio kunye noyilo ubukhulu isilayi

Khetha umlinganiselo ofanelekileyo womthamo wee-electrode ezilungileyo kunye nezingalunganga ngokweempawu zezinto ezintle kunye nezingalunganga ze-electrode.Umlinganiselo we-electrode efanelekileyo kunye ne-negative umthamo weseli likhonkco elibalulekileyo elinxulumene nokhuseleko lweebhetri ze-lithium ion.Ukuba umthamo we-electrode oncomekayo mkhulu kakhulu, i-lithium yensimbi iya kufakwa kumphezulu we-electrode engalunganga, ngelixa ukuba umthamo we-electrode ongalunganga mkhulu kakhulu, umthamo webhetri uya kulahleka kakhulu.Ngokubanzi, N/P=1.05-1.15, kwaye ukhetho olufanelekileyo luya kwenziwa ngokuhambelana nomthamo webhetri kunye neemfuno zokhuseleko.Iziqwenga ezinkulu nezincinci ziya kuyilwa ukwenzela ukuba indawo yokuncamathisela engalunganga (into esebenzayo) ivale (igqithise) indawo yokuncamathelisa elungileyo.Ngokubanzi, ububanzi buya kuba yi-1 ~ 5 mm enkulu kwaye ubude bube yi-5 ~ 10 mm enkulu.

2. Isibonelelo sobubanzi be-diaphragm

Umgaqo-jikelele woyilo lobubanzi be-diaphragm kukuthintela isiphaluka esifutshane sangaphakathi esibangelwa kuqhagamshelwano oluthe ngqo phakathi kwee-electrode ezilungileyo kunye nezibi.Njengoko i-thermal shrinkage ye-diaphragm ibangela ukuguqulwa kwe-diaphragm kubude kunye nobubanzi becala ngexesha lokutshaja kunye nokukhupha ibhetri kwaye phantsi komothuko we-thermal kunye nezinye iindawo ezingqongileyo, i-polarization yendawo egoqiweyo ye-diaphragm iyanda ngenxa yokwanda komgama phakathi kokulungileyo. kunye nee-electrodes ezimbi;Ithuba le-micro short circuit kwindawo yokwelula i-diaphragm yanda ngenxa yokunciphisa i-diaphragm;Ukucutheka kumda wediaphragm kunokukhokelela kunxibelelwano oluthe ngqo phakathi kwee-electrode ezilungileyo nezingalunganga kunye nesekethe emfutshane yangaphakathi, enokubangela ingozi ngenxa yokubaleka kwebhetri.Ngoko ke, xa uyila ibhetri, iimpawu zayo zokunciphisa kufuneka zithathelwe ingqalelo ekusebenziseni indawo kunye nobubanzi be-diaphragm.Ifilimu yodwa kufuneka ibe mkhulu kune-anode kunye ne-cathode.Ukongeza kwimpazamo yenkqubo, ifilimu yodwa kufuneka ibe yi-0.1mm ubude kunecala elingaphandle leqhekeza le-electrode.

3.Unyango lwe-insulation

Isiphaluka esifutshane sangaphakathi yinto ebalulekileyo kwingozi enokuthi ikhuseleke yebhetri ye-lithium-ion.Kukho iindawo ezininzi ezinokuba yingozi ezibangela isiphaluka esifutshane sangaphakathi kuyilo lwesakhiwo seseli.Ngoko ke, amanyathelo ayimfuneko okanye ukufakwa kwe-insulation kufuneka kubekwe kwezi zikhundla eziphambili ukukhusela isiphaluka esifutshane sangaphakathi kwibhetri phantsi kweemeko ezingaqhelekanga, njengokugcina isithuba esifunekayo phakathi kweendlebe ze-electrode ezintle kunye ezimbi;Iteyiphu yokugquma iya kuncanyathiselwa kwindawo engancamathiseli embindini wesiphelo esinye, kwaye zonke iindawo ezivelileyo ziya kugqunywa;Iteyiphu ye-insulating iya kuncanyathiselwa phakathi kwefoyile ye-aluminiyam echanekileyo kunye ne-negative substance esebenzayo;Inxalenye ye-welding ye-lug iya kugutyungelwa ngokupheleleyo nge-tape yokukhusela;I-tape yokufaka i-insulating isetyenziswe phezulu kwi-core core yombane.

4.Ukuseta ivalve yokhuseleko (isixhobo sokunciphisa uxinzelelo)

Iibhetri ze-Lithium ion ziyingozi, ngokuqhelekileyo ngenxa yokuba ukushisa kwangaphakathi kuphezulu kakhulu okanye uxinzelelo luphezulu kakhulu ukuba lubangele ukuqhuma kunye nomlilo;Isixhobo esifanelekileyo sokunceda uxinzelelo sinokukhulula ngokukhawuleza uxinzelelo kunye nobushushu ngaphakathi kwebhetri xa kukho ingozi, kwaye sinciphise umngcipheko wogqabhuko-dubulo.Isixhobo esifanelekileyo sokunciphisa uxinzelelo asiyi kuhlangabezana noxinzelelo lwangaphakathi lwebhetri ngexesha lokusebenza okuqhelekileyo, kodwa kwakhona ngokuzenzekelayo ukuvula ukukhulula uxinzelelo xa uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi lufikelela kumda wengozi.Indawo yokumisela isixhobo sokunciphisa uxinzelelo iya kuyilwa ngokuqwalasela iimpawu zoguquko lweqokobhe lebhetri ngenxa yokunyuka koxinzelelo lwangaphakathi;Uyilo lwevalve yokhuseleko lunokuphunyezwa ngamaflakes, imiphetho, i-seams kunye nee-nicks.

(3) Ukuphucula umgangatho wenkqubo

Iinzame kufuneka zenziwe ukulinganisa kunye nokulinganisa inkqubo yokuvelisa iseli.Kumanyathelo okuxuba, ukugquma, ukubhaka, ukudibanisa, ukuqhawula kunye nokujika, ukulungelelanisa umgangatho (njengobubanzi be-diaphragm, umthamo we-injection ye-electrolyte, njl.) , yenza umsebenzi omhle kulawulo lwenkqubo, uqinisekise umgangatho wenkqubo, kwaye unciphise umahluko phakathi kweemveliso;Misela amanyathelo omsebenzi okhethekileyo kumanyathelo aphambili achaphazela ukhuseleko (njengokuchithwa kweqhekeza le-electrode, ukutshayela umgubo, iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuwelda kwizinto ezahlukeneyo, njl.njl.), sebenzisa umgangatho wokubeka iliso osemgangathweni, uphelise iindawo ezineziphene, kwaye uphelise iimveliso ezineziphene (ezifana ne-deformation iqhekeza le-electrode, i-diaphragm puncture, izinto ezisebenzayo eziwayo, ukuvuza kwe-electrolyte, njl.);Gcina indawo yokuvelisa icocekile kwaye icocekile, sebenzisa ulawulo lwe-5S kunye ne-6-sigma yokulawula umgangatho, ukukhusela ukungcola kunye nomswakama ekuxubeni kwimveliso, kunye nokunciphisa impembelelo yeengozi kwimveliso yokhuseleko.